When using a conical scan, what component of the return signal modulation is used by the radar system to maintain track in both azimuth and elevation?

The correct answer is phase, as it plays a crucial role in how the radar system processes the return signal during conical scanning. In this scanning technique, the radar beam is swept in a conical shape to continuously illuminate the target. The phase of the return signal provides critical information about the target’s position relative to the radar, allowing the system to maintain track in both azimuth (horizontal direction) and elevation (vertical direction).

By analyzing shifts in the phase of the returned signal caused by the varying angles as the radar beam sweeps, the system can determine not only the distance to the target but also its specific location in a three-dimensional space. This ability to discern the exact positioning of the target is pivotal for tracking performance and accuracy.

In contrast, other aspects such as polarity, amplitude, and polarization do not directly contribute to the radar’s ability to maintain precise tracking in both azimuth and elevation. While they may hold importance in different contexts or for other radar functions, they do not serve the same fundamental role as phase in the methodology of conical scanning.